Report on  
Impact of Technology in  
Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh”  
Report on  
“
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh”  
Prepared For  
Wg. Cdr. Kazi Abdul Matin (Retd.)  
Professor  
Department of Language  
College of Arts and Science (CAAS)  
Prepared By  
Group – The Glorious  
Name  
Program  
BCSE  
SN  
Rihab Rahman (Leader)  
Tasnia Tahsin  
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BCSE  
BCSE  
BCSE  
BCSE  
BCSE  
Masum Ahmed Murad  
Kaisary Zaman  
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0
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Md. Fahomid Al Farid Hasan  
Md. Fahim Hossain  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Letter of Transmittal  
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6 April, 2017  
To  
Wing Cdr. Kazi Abdul Matin (Retd.)  
Professor  
Department of Language  
CAAS- College of Arts and Sciences  
IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology  
4
Embankment Drive Road, Uttara Model Town  
Sector- 10, Dhaka- 1230  
Subject: Letter of Transmittal.  
Dear Sir,  
It is great pleasure for us to submit our report on the topic of "Impact of technology  
in agricultural sector on Bangladesh". We have prepared this report, as partial  
fulfillment of the course ENG 250 (Public Speaking). To prepare this report, we have  
collected that we have found most relevant information in terms of analytical as well  
as reliability. We have concentrated our best effort to achieve the objectives of the  
report and hope that our endeavor will serve the purpose. We request you to pardon  
us for any mistake that may occur in the report unwillingly despite of our best effort.  
We would really appreciate, if you enlighten us with your thoughts and views  
regarding the report. Also, if you wish to enquire about an aspect of our report, we  
would gladly answer your queries. We are really indebted to you for your cordial  
cooperation, support and patience.  
Yours Sincerely  
……………………………………..  
Rihab Rahman  
Program-BCSE  
On behalf of The Glorious groups  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Students Declaration  
We undersigned are the student of Bachelor of Computer Science and Engineering  
(BCSE) under College of Engineering and Technology (CEAT) of International  
University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT) declaring that the report  
entitled “Impact of technology in agricultural sector on Bangladesh” has been  
prepared only as the partial fulfillment of the course ENG 250 (Public Speaking). It  
is not prepared for any other purposes such as award or degree.  
Yours Sincerely  
Rihab Rahman  
……………………………….  
……………………………….  
……………………………….  
……………………………….  
……………………………….  
……………………………….  
Tasnia Tahsin  
Masum Ahmed Murad  
Kaisary Zaman  
Md. Fahmid Al Farid Hasan  
Md. Fahim Hossain  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Acknowledgement  
We, first and foremost, would like to express our gratitude to Almighty  
Allah for helping us to complete the report properly.  
We would like to express my profound appreciation to our institute IUBAT –  
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology and Honorable  
faculty Wing Cdr Prof. Kazi Abdul Matin (Retd.) for his guidance, advice, patience,  
questions and generous assistance offered throughout the entire process of  
making this paper.  
A special thanks goes to my team members Tasnia Tahsin, Masum Ahmed  
Murad, Kaisary Zaman, Md. Fahmid Al Farid Hasan, Md. Fahim Hossain who help  
me to complete the report properly in time.  
We owe my deepest gratitude to our parents and our family members  
whose inexhaustible love was indispensable to endure in the tragic moments that  
confronted us once again with the vulnerability of life.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Executive Summary  
Agriculture is the process of cultivation and breeding. It one of the most ancient  
practice. It is the fundamental need of all. So, emphasize should be given in sector  
more. Now we are living in the era of technology. Now everything can be done  
easily with the help of technology. This technology can also be implemented in  
section of agriculture also. Here the impact of technology in agricultural sector is  
written. The information of other countries also added here so that we can  
compare the condition of Bangladesh with those countries. There are several  
branches of agriculture. In every branch we can use the technology. There are  
some other heavy machines also for cultivation they are also discussed here. At  
the end there are some recommendation also mentioned to develop the  
condition of Bangladesh with the help of technology.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Table of Contents  
1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 01  
2. Definition of Agriculture……………………………………………………………………..02  
3. Background of Agriculture…………………………………………………………………. 04  
4. Modernization of Agriculture Technology……………………………………….... 06  
5. Use of Technology in Agriculture………………………………………………………..07  
6. Objectives of Modern Technology………………………………………………………09  
7. Technology in Field Digging ………………………………………………………………. 10  
8. Technology in Wealthy Seed Production ……………………………………………12  
9. Technology in Irrigation………………………………………………………………………13  
10. Technology in Production of Fertilizer………………………………………………. 15  
11.Technology in Controlling Pests ………………………………………………………… 17  
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1.1Organic Pest control…………………………………………………………………… 18  
1.2Agriculture and pest control……………………………………………….……… 19  
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2.Technology in Crop Harvesting………………………………………………….………. 20  
3.Technology in Agricultural Products Preservation………………..…….………21  
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3.1Storing…………………………………………………………………………………………22  
3.2Drying………………………………………………………………………………………….23  
3.3Pickling………………………………………………………………………………….…….24  
3.4Jams & Jellies…………………………………………………….………………………..25  
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4.Technology in Crop Marketing ………………………………………………………….. 26  
5.Agriculture in Developed Countries…………………………………………………… 27  
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Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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16.Biotechnology in Agriculture……………………………………………………………… 28  
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6.1Genetic Engineering…………………………………………………………………….29  
6.2Tissue Culture……………………………………………………………………………. 30  
6.3Transgenic Crops………………………………………………………………………….31  
6.4Pesticide-Resistant Crops…………………………………………………………….32  
6.5Horticulture ………………………………………………………………………………. 33  
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7.Condition of Agriculture in Bangladesh……………………………………………….34  
8.Contribution of livestock…………………………………………………………………… 35  
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8.1Fisheries ……………………………………………………………………………………. 35  
8.2 Poultry………………………………………………………………………………………..36  
8.3 Dairy firm……………………………………………………………………………………37  
19.Recommendations for agricultural development in Bangladesh………...38  
20.Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………….…40  
21.References…………………………………………………………………………………………..41  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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1
.Introduction  
“
Agriculture" is the cultivation of land for effective crop growth and raising of  
livestock. Farmers engage directly in agriculture by preparing soil, planting crops,  
harvesting those crops and preparing them for transportation. They also bale hay,  
grow pastures and buy seed to raise livestock  
The word "agriculture" was coined in the 15th-century, but the process of  
cultivating the land to grow food has been in existence for much longer. Early  
farmers developed crops and livestock mainly to feed their families and local  
people. In contrast, modern agriculture, especially in the United States, is  
dominated by big business. Farming families do consume some of what they  
produce, but much of it is sold, whether in local markets or through national and  
global distribution channels.  
While farming production dominates much of the topic of agriculture, agronomy is  
also an important element. Agronomy is a field of science that studies soil  
conditions and crop production. Agronomists conduct natural and lab-based  
research to evaluate how different crops grow under certain conditions.  
Agronomists work in academia, for private corporations and for public agencies  
that provide grants. The research they develop and publish helps push agriculture  
forward. Machines, seed, pesticides and irrigation systems are all core elements of  
agriculture that advance based on scientific research.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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2
.Definition of Agriculture  
Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food,  
fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance  
human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human  
civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that  
nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as  
agricultural science.  
According to classification there are two types of agriculture such as-  
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Conventional agriculture  
Sustainable agriculture (agro-ecology)  
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Conventional Agriculture: This type of agriculture most commonly practiced in  
the United States, usually involves the following criteria:  
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Altering or changing the natural environment (removing trees, tilling the  
soil, installing an irrigation system, etc.  
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Mono-cropping, or planting one crop (ex: only corn is grown in a plot).  
The crops grown are nonrenewable- after harvesting, the plot is bare  
again and requires cultivation (tilling and plowing of the soil),  
fertilization, planting, irrigation (watering), and harvesting all over  
again.  
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Diversity is eliminated in order to maintain uniformity  
Using insecticides and pesticides to keep insects and animals from  
eating the crops; these chemicals are not only poisonous to insects,  
animals and humans, they also pollute ground water, streams, rivers,  
and oceans.  
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Using inorganic fertilizers to provide nutrients to the soil  
A lot of energy and work for the farmer to maintain this unnatural  
farming system; nature is more aligned with diversity (it wants to be  
wild), rather than controlled and uniform.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Sustainable Agriculture (Agro-Ecology): This type of agriculture uses ecological  
principles to farm, hence the prefix agro- to farm and ecology- the science of  
the relationship between organisms and their environments. Agro-ecology  
involves:  
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Maintaining the natural environment and using ecological principles for  
sustained farming practices  
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Poly-cropping, or planting many crops together (ex: planting rows of  
corn, bean, and squash together rather than in separate plots, like in  
mono-cropping)  
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Since many plants are planted together, and each one has a different  
harvesting period, the plot is never bare. This reduces soil erosion.  
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diversity is maintained and even increased over time  
A diverse system of plants may attract several species of  
herbivores. Some of these herbivores like to eat specific kinds of  
plants. Predator species usually do not have a preference for which  
herbivores to eat. This predation keeps the herbivore population in  
check, thus reducing predation of any one crop.  
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Plants- such as citrosa, are natural insect repellents. This eliminates the  
need to use insecticides.  
Nutrients from each intercrop plant provide different nutrients to the  
soil, thus increasing its fertility (ability to sustain life).  
Less energy is required from the farmer because the agriculture system  
sustains itself  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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3
.Background of Agriculture  
The history of agriculture records the domestication of plants and animals and the  
development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively.  
Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a  
diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and New World  
were involved as independent centers of origin.  
Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 20,000 BC. From around 9,500  
BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops, emmer and einkorn wheat, hulled barley,  
peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax were cultivated in the Levant. Rice  
was domesticated in China between 11,500 and 6,200 BC, followed by mung, soy  
and azuki beans. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 13,000 BC,  
followed by sheep between 11,000 and 9,000 BC. Cattle were domesticated from  
the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan around 8,500 BC.  
Sugarcane and some root vegetables were domesticated in New Guinea around  
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,000 BC. Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 5,000 BC. In  
the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 8,000 and  
,000 BC, along with beans, coca, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs. Bananas were  
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cultivated and hybridized in the same period in Papua New Guinea.  
Image: Ancient form of Agriculture  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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In Mesoamerica, wild teosinte was domesticated to maize by 4,000 BC. Cotton was  
domesticated in Peru by 3,600 BC. Camels were domesticated late, perhaps around  
3
,000 BC.  
In the Middle Ages, both in the Islamic world and in Europe, agriculture was  
transformed with improved techniques and the diffusion of crop plants, including  
the introduction of sugar, rice, cotton and fruit trees such as the orange to Europe  
by way of Al-Andalus. After 1492, the Columbian exchange brought New World  
crops such as maize, potatoes, sweet potatoes and manioc to Europe, and Old  
World crops such as wheat, barley, rice and turnips, and livestock including horses,  
cattle, sheep and goats to the Americas. Irrigation, crop rotation, and fertilizers  
were introduced soon after the Neolithic Revolution and developed much further  
in the past 200 years, starting with the British Agricultural Revolution.  
Since 1900, agriculture in the developed nations, and to a lesser extent in the  
developing world, has seen large rises in productivity as human labor has been  
replaced by mechanization, and assisted by synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and  
selective breeding. The Haber-Bosch process allowed the synthesis of ammonium  
nitrate fertilizer on an industrial scale, greatly increasing crop yields. Modern  
agriculture has raised social, political, and environmental issues including water  
pollution, biofuels, genetically modified organisms, tariffs and farm subsidies. In  
response, organic farming developed in the twentieth century as a consciously  
pesticide-free alternative.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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4
.Modernization of Agriculture  
Modernization of agriculture is a process of transforming agriculture from  
traditional labor based agriculture to technology based agriculture. It is one of the  
fundamental issues in agricultural policies, particularly in countries, where  
agriculture is less developed. We can see that in many countries agriculture is a  
sector of economy which keeps a greater distance than the remaining sectors from  
modern solutions in the areas of: production technology and organization,  
implementation of modern technological and IT solutions as well as management  
methods, but also with regard to the utilization of the institutional setting. The  
speed and the scope of the creation and implementation of modernization of farms  
ensure their permanent competitive edge. We can also see that low income  
countries are burdened with primitive technologies, which is both a reason for, and  
a consequence of low incomes. Therefore, the modernization process and  
technological change are regarded as the driving force behind economic growth.  
As a result of an appropriately implemented process of modernization of farms, the  
effectiveness of management improves, the working conditions improve and,  
finally, the level of satisfaction from the performed work increases. However,  
inappropriately designed or inappropriately implemented modernization may  
bring unfavorable effects.  
Image: Modern Agricultural Equipment  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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5
.Use of Technology in Agriculture  
Technology has played a big role in developing the agricultural industry. Today it is  
possible to grow crops in a desert by use of agricultural biotechnology. With this  
technology, plants have been engineered to survive in drought conditions. Through  
genetic engineering scientists have managed to introduce traits into existing genes  
with a goal of making crops resistant to droughts and pests.  
Image: Before Technology  
Image: After Technology  
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Use of Machines On Farms  
Now a farmer can cultivate on more than 2 acres of land with less labor,  
and can cut costs even more when they are looking for a used tractor and other  
harvesting technology, versus new equipment. The use of planters and harvesters  
makes the process so easy. In agriculture, time and production are so important;  
you have to plant in time, harvest in time and deliver to stores in time. Modern  
agricultural technology allows a small number of people to grow vast quantities of  
food and fiber in a shortest period of time.  
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Modern Transportation  
This helps in making products available on markets in time from the farm.  
With modern transportation, consumers in Dubai will consume a fresh carrots from  
Africa with in the same day that carrot lives the garden in Africa. Modern  
transportation technology facilities help farmers easily transport fertilizers or other  
farm products to their farms, and it also speeds the supply of agricultural products  
from farms to the markets where consumers get them on a daily basis.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Cooling Facilities  
These are used to buy farmers to deliver tomatoes and other perishable  
crops to keep them fresh as they transport them to the market. These cooling  
facilities are installed in food transportation trucks, so crops like tomatoes will stay  
fresh upon delivery. This is a win-win situation for both the consumers of these  
agricultural products and the farmers. The consumer’s gets these products while  
still fresh and the farmer will sell all their products because the demand will be  
high.  
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Development of Animal Feeds  
This has solved the problem of hunting for grass to feed animals, now  
these feeds can be manufactured and consumed by animals. The price of these  
feed is fair so that a low income farmer can afford them. Most of these  
manufactured animal feeds have extra nutrition which improve on the animals  
health and the output of these animals will also increase. In agriculture, the health  
of an animal will determine its output. Poorly feed animals are always unhealthy  
and they produce very little results in form of milk, meet, or fur.  
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Breeding of Animals Which Are Resistant To Diseases  
Most of these genetically produced animals will produce more milk or fur  
compared to normal animals. This benefits the farmer because their production  
will be high. Cross breeding is very good in animal grazing, cross breed animals are  
more strong and productive.  
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Irrigation of Plants  
In dry areas like deserts, farmers have embraced technology to irrigate  
their crops. A good example is in Egypt, were farmers use water pumps to collect  
water from river Nile to their crops. Most of these farmers grow rice which needs  
a lot of water, so they manage to grow this rice using irrigation methods enhanced  
by advanced technology. Advanced water sprinklers are being used to irrigate big  
farms and this helps the crops get enough water which is essential in their growth.  
Some farmers mix nutrients in this water, so also improves on the growth of these  
crops.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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6
.Objectives of Modern Technology  
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Developing of cropping systems for food.  
Advancement of biotechnological innovations.  
To cope up with the gradual increasing demand of food.  
Development of crops that have high water-use efficiency.  
To minimize the production cost of crop.  
Ensuring environment friendly pesticide system.  
Development of environmentally compatible strategies.  
Increasing the production of crops and upgrade its quality.  
Minimizing the physical labor and saving time.  
To maintain the proper management of water, seed etc.  
To invent pest resistance crops.  
Enhancement of genetically modified crops.  
Develop the production and effectiveness of fertilizer.  
Searching for appropriate alternative of chemical fertilizer.  
To help in harvesting and post-harvesting operation.  
Use of scientific method for advancement of cultivation.  
To introduce and invent machines for easy agriculture.  
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To adopt of adequate plant protection measures.  
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7
.Technology in Field Digging  
Farmers use agricultural machinery for a variety of purposes, but old-school farm  
workers prepare the fields with plows to begin the planting process. Many modern  
farm techniques limit the amount of plowing to keep some remains from the  
previous season for use in no-till planting. Field residue from the previous growing  
season helps keep the soil particles from washing away during storms and also  
reduces the growth of new weeds. The type and the amount of the tilling done by  
the farmer and the preparation determine the type of machinery used to plow.  
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Moldboards  
Gas-powered tractors drag moldboards in traditional plowing. Moldboard  
plows use a simple curved blade design that lifts and cuts the soil and then turns  
the dislodged dirt with one basic action. Horses pulled early hand-controlled  
moldboards and non-mechanized farmers today, including the Amish, use this  
method of propulsion. Modern farmers use a number of metal blades on  
moldboard plow frames to prepare fields. Some farmers avoid the moldboard due  
to the creation of plow pans after its repeated use. A plow pan is compacted soil  
that limits the room plants have for root growth and oxygen collection.  
Image: Moldboard (Front View)  
Image: Moldboard (Lateral View)  
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Chisels  
Chisel plows use numerous metal shanks or teeth set on a plow frame to  
break up the soil for planting. The size of the plow frame and the number of shanks  
or teeth attached to the frame depend on two things: the size of the tractor used  
to pull the plow and the acreage under cultivation. The length and width of the  
individual chisel or tooth depends on the depth needed for planting. Some farmers  
use shallow chisels to avoid cutting into the tile system that channels water runoff  
from the field. Farmers looking for less soil turnover use a chisel in place of a  
moldboard plow.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Image: Use of Chisel in Digging  
Image: Use of Chisel in ploughing  
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Disks:  
Disks, also called harrow plows, typically have a set of at least three disks  
attached to a plow frame at specific positions. A tractor pulls the disks that dig  
down into land covered with brush, shrubs or rocks. The Army Corps of Engineers  
reports that farmers use disk plows for seed-bed preparation. Most farmers use  
the disk plow, both plain and notched circles, when the soil makes other types of  
plows unusable, according to the American Society of Agricultural and Biological  
Engineers. Farmers select the appropriate size disk based on the soil content and  
the type of preparation done for the crop. The average large disk typically varies  
between 20 to 38 inches, although commercial farm equipment companies  
manufacture 14-inch disks.  
Image: Disks in field (Rear View)  
Image: Disks in field (Lateral View)  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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8
.Technology in Wealthy Seed Production  
Seed is the basic unit of crop production and has greater contribution than  
environment and cultural factors. Organized sector contribute around 54% of the  
total seed requirement & rest is met by farmers own seed, often produced without  
meeting isolation requirement.  
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) Method of seed production  
a) Seed to seed method  
Seedlings after transplanting are allowed to over winter in the field. The bulbs are  
not lifted and allowed to flower in the same field. This method is not preferred  
because it doesn’t allow the examination of true to typeness of the onion bulb and  
rouging of off types and diseased and multicenter bulbs. The genetic purity of the  
seeds produced from such method is usually poor, though the cost of seed  
production is less compared to bulb to seed method but this method is not  
preferred.  
Graph: Seed Production Process  
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9
.Technology in Irrigation  
Irrigation is the method in which a controlled amount of water is supplied to plants  
at regular intervals for agriculture. Various types of irrigation techniques differ in  
how the water obtained from the source is distributed within the field.  
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Sprinkler Systems  
In sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped to one or more central  
locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or  
guns. A system utilizing sprinklers, sprays, or guns mounted overhead on  
permanently installed risers is often referred to as a solid-set irrigation system.  
Higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors are driven by a ball drive,  
gear drive, or impact mechanism. Rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial  
circle. Sprinklers can also be mounted on moving platforms connected to the water  
source by a hose. Automatically moving wheeled systems known as traveling  
sprinklers may irrigate areas such as small farms, sports fields, parks, pastures, and  
cemeteries unattended.  
Image: Disks in field (Rear View)  
Image: Disks in field (Rear View)  
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Center Pivot:  
Center pivot irrigation is a form of sprinkler irrigation consisting of several  
segments of pipe joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled  
towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The system moves in a circular  
pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the arc. These  
systems are found and used in all parts of the world and allow irrigation of all types  
of terrain.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Image: Using of Center Pivot (Close view)  
Image: Using of Center Pivot (Field View)  
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Lateral Move:  
Water is supplied at one end using a large hose. After sufficient irrigation  
has been applied to one strip of the field, the hose is removed, the water drained  
from the system, and the assembly rolled either by hand or with a purpose-built  
mechanism, so that the sprinklers are moved to a different position across the field.  
The hose is reconnected. The process is repeated in a pattern until the whole field  
has been irrigated. This system is less expensive to install than a center pivot. Wheel  
line systems are limited in the amount of water they can carry, and limited in the  
height of crops that can be irrigated. One useful feature of a lateral move system is  
that it consists of sections that can be easily disconnected, adapting to field shape  
as the line is moved. They are most often used for small, rectilinear, or oddly-  
shaped fields, hilly or mountainous regions, or in regions where labor is  
inexpensive.  
Image: Lateral Move System  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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1
0. Technology in Fertilizer Production  
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Self Propelled Compost Turner  
Multi-functional self-propelled compost turner is commonly used for  
fermentation of organic materials. The fertilizer turner is a four-wheel walking style  
tractor, which can move forward, backward and turn freely. In addition, it has  
better adaptability to a whatsoever place in the plant. The maintenance is  
convenient as its spare tools are all standard. The dynamic of the whole machine is  
balanced and proper, low energy consumption and high yield, reducing the  
production cost of bio-organic fertilizer. It is suitable for the turning and  
fermentation of various organic matters, such as animal manure, daily life garbage,  
sludge waste, sugar mill filtered mud and agricultural wastes which can be made  
into green and pollution-free organic fertilizer, and improve the quality of soil  
through the principle of aerobic fermentation.  
Image: Self Propelled Compost Turner  
❖
Hydraulic Compost Turner  
High output hydraulic compost turner, which is a specialized composting  
and turning equipment used for aerobic fermentation, can easily mix and stir large  
heaps of strip-stacked organic materials. It adjusts by hydraulic-lift roller, highly  
automatic, only one person enough for all operation. It has optional blade for  
various manure, organic wastes etc. Hydraulic power steering system for power  
saving, smooth decomposed period. During working, the hydraulic compost turner  
strides over the long-strip base fertilizer being fit together in a stack. Then, the  
mixing knives fitted with the rotating drum under the rack goes on such procedures  
as composting and turning, loosening the materials, stack moving.  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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Image: Hydraulic Compost Turner  
❖
New type Organic Fertilizer Granulator  
New type organic fertilizer dedicated granulator is used for producing  
pure organic fertilizer in a more eco-friendly way. Thus, it makes the whole  
producing process more energy-saving and economic. it can produce 100% pure  
organic fertilizer granules. It can save the energy that is wasted in the fertilizer  
drying process. Forced by the high revolving speed and the aerodynamics it brings,  
raw materials can be mixed, granulated, spherified and concentrated in this  
machine at a time. Thus, a complete granulation process is perfectly accomplished.  
It is applied to granulate all kinds of organic raw materials, which turns the waste  
into treasures and follows the trends of the organic fertilizer development. The  
quality of the fertilizer granules can be ensured at the same time, so this fertilizer  
machine is featured with low energy consumption, low production expenses and  
high production quantity, considered as best organic fertilizer granulator  
machine. It is the most widely used equipment in small scale organic fertilizer plant.  
Image: New type Organic Fertilizer Granulator  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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1
1. Technology in Controlling Pests  
Pest control refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest,  
and can be perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or  
the economy. A practitioner of pest control is called an exterminator.  
Many pests have only become a problem as a result of the direct actions by  
humans. Modifying these actions can often substantially reduce the pest problem.  
Living organisms evolve and increase their resistance to biological, chemical,  
physical or any other form of control. Unless the target population is completely  
exterminated or is rendered incapable of reproduction, the surviving population  
will inevitably acquire a tolerance of whatever pressures are brought to bear - this  
results in an evolutionary arms race.  
Types of pest control:  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
. Use of pest-destroying animals  
. Biological pest control  
. Mechanical pest control  
. Physical pest control  
. Poisoned bait  
. Poisoned bait  
. Field burning  
. Hunting  
. Trap Cropping  
Image: Applying Pesticide in field  
0.Traps  
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1
1.1 Organic Pest Control  
In one survey we learn that About 1,300 gardeners from across North America  
responded, providing new, region-specific insight into organic pest control. The  
survey revealed 12 widespread garden pests that give gardeners grief. Here are the  
nitty-gritty details, including down-in-the-dirt advice on how to manage each pest,  
plus details on which pests are the worst in each region.  
1. Slugs took top honors as the most bothersome pest in home gardens, with  
5
5 percent of respondents saying the slimy critters give them trouble year  
after year.  
2
3
4
5
6
7
. Squash bugs had sabotaged summer and winter squash for 51 percent of  
respondents, and even ducks couldn’t solve a serious squash bug problem.  
. Aphids were on the watch list of 50 percent of respondents, but the success  
rates of various control techniques were quite high.  
. Imported cabbageworms came in fourth, with a 47 percent “disapproval”  
rating.  
. Squash vine borers had caused problems for 47 percent of the survey  
respondents.  
. Japanese beetles slid in at No. 6, because it had caused problems for 47  
percent of the survey respondents.  
. Tomato hornworms claimed the No. 7 spot, and were of concern to 42  
percent of our survey respondents.  
8
9
. Cutworms were a concern for 41 percent of respondents.  
. Grasshoppers were a problem for 40 percent of respondents, and they  
seemed to be getting worse.  
1
0.Cucumber beetles wouldn’t be so bad if they didn’t transmit deadly bacterial  
wilt to cucumbers and melons, but as it is, 39 percent of our respondents  
named them as serious garden pests.  
1
1.Corn earworms were pegged as serious pests by 37 percent of respondents,  
many of whom get easy relief by using instruments ranging from oil cans to  
eyedroppers to add a few drops of canola or olive oil into the tips of ears,  
right when the silks start to show.  
12.Whitefly problems may be on the rise because it had caused problems for  
4
7 percent of the survey respondents.  
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1
1.2 Agriculture and Pest Control  
Agriculture is  
the  
cultivation  
and  
breeding  
of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other  
products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key  
development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming  
of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development  
of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history  
of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven  
and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. But there is a  
big problem to produce a huge amount of agriculture product and it is pest  
problem. It reduces the productivity.  
There are 3 ways to control it. Namely-  
1
2
. Source elimination: We have to take some steps to eliminate it permanently.  
. Naturalistic control: Naturalistic control is largely an unexplored field. A  
recently developed method that appears very promising is the creation of  
impoundments on salt marshes where the water level can be manipulated  
and controlled.  
3. Chemical control: The use of chemicals is frequently termed a supplemental  
or secondary control method.  
Image: Pest Affected Leaf  
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1
2. Technology in Crop Harvesting  
Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the  
cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper. On  
smaller farms with minimal mechanization, harvesting is the most labor-intensive  
activity of the growing season. On large mechanized farms, harvesting utilizes the  
most expensive and sophisticated farm machinery, such as the combine harvester.  
The  
term  
"harvesting"  
in  
general  
usage  
may  
include  
immediate postharvest handling, including cleaning, sorting, packing, and cooling.  
The completion of harvesting marks the end of the growing season, or the growing  
cycle for a particular crop, and the social importance of this event makes it the  
focus of seasonal celebrations such as harvest festivals, found in many religions.  
Image: Crop Harvesting Machine  
Image: Crop Harvesting Machine (Reaper)  
Impact of Technology in Agricultural Sector of Bangladesh, The Glorious Group  
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1
3. Technology in Agricultural Products Preservation  
Food preservation is to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi (such as yeasts), or  
other micro-organisms (although some methods work by introducing  
benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that  
cause rancidity. Food preservation may also include processes that inhibit visual  
deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning reaction in apples after they are cut  
during food preparation.  
There are some traditional techniques of food preservation:  
1. Drying: Drying is one of the oldest techniques used to hamper the  
decomposition of food products.  
2
. Cooling: Cooling preserves food by slowing down the growth and  
reproduction of microorganisms and the action of enzymes that causes the  
food to rot.  
3
. Freezing: Freezing is also one of the most commonly used processes, both  
commercially and domestically, for preserving a very wide range of foods,  
including prepared foods that would not have required freezing in their  
unprepared state  
4. Heating: Heating to temperatures which are sufficient to kill microorganisms  
inside the food is a method used with perpetual stews.  
There are some modern techniques of food preservation:  
1
2
3
. Pasteurization: Pasteurization is a process for preservation of liquid food. It  
was originally applied to combat the souring of young local wines  
. Vacuum Packing: Vacuum-packing stores food in a vacuum environment,  
usually in an air-tight bag or bottle.  
. Artificial Food Additives: Preservative food additives can be antimicrobial—  
which inhibit the growth of bacteria or fungi, including mold—  
or antioxidant, such as oxygen absorbers, which inhibit the oxidation of food  
constituents.  
4
. Bio Preservation: Bio preservation is the use of natural or  
controlled microbial or antimicrobials as a way of preserving food and  
extending its shelf life.  
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1
3.1 Storing  
Food storage allows food to be eaten for some time (typically weeks to months)  
after harvest rather than solely immediately. It is both a traditional domestic  
skill and, in the form of food logistics, an important industrial and commercial  
activity. Food preservation, storage, and transport, including timely delivery to  
consumers, are important to food security, especially for the majority of people  
throughout the world who rely on others to produce their food. Food is stored by  
almost every human society and by many animals.  
Image: Food Storing Plant  
Image: Food Storing Container  
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13.2 Drying  
Drying is one of the most cost-effective means of preservation of grains, crops and  
foods of all varieties. From both energy and environmental viewpoints, as well as  
the global requirement to feed the growing population, it is important that the  
drying technique and technology be improved to reduce spoilage and enhance the  
quality of the product. Much has been accomplished since the 1980s in  
understanding and development in drying technologies for foods and agro-  
products. This volume is a compilation of selected invited and refereed articles  
covering topics of contemporary interest on agricultural and food drying  
technologies.  
Image: Various Types of Dried Food  
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13.3 Pickling  
Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by  
either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. The resulting food  
is called a pickle, or, to prevent ambiguity, prefaced with the adjective pickled. The  
pickling procedure will typically affect the food's texture and flavor. In East  
Asia, vinaigrette (vegetable oil and vinegar) is also used as a pickling medium.  
Foods that are pickled include meats, fruits, eggs, and vegetables. Another  
distinguishing characteristic is a pH of 4.6 or lower, which is sufficient to kill most  
bacteria. Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months. Antimicrobial herbs  
and spices, such as mustard seed, garlic, cinnamon or cloves, are often added. If  
the food contains sufficient moisture, a pickling brine may be produced simply by  
adding dry salt. Natural fermentation at room temperature, by lactic acid bacteria,  
produces the required acidity. Other pickles are made by placing vegetables in  
vinegar. Unlike the canning process, pickling (which includes fermentation) does  
not require that the food be completely sterile before it is sealed. The acidity or  
salinity of the solution, the temperature of fermentation, and the exclusion of  
oxygen determine which microorganisms dominate, and determine the flavor of  
the end product. When both salt concentration and temperature are  
low, Leuconostoc mesenteroides dominates, producing a mix of acids, alcohol, and  
aroma compounds. At higher temperatures Lactobacillus plantarum dominates,  
which produces primarily lactic acid. Many pickles start with Leuconostoc, and  
change to Lactobacillus with higher acidity.  
Image: Pickled Food Items  
Image: Commercial Picking Machine  
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